C13-15 Alkane is a high-purity, lightweight hydrocarbon that serves as a high-performance, plant-derived alternative to volatile silicones. This emollient provides a weightless, silky finish and exceptional spreadability, making it a staple for modern “clean” formulations and sunscreens.
- INCI Name:
- C13-15 Alkane
- Chemical/Scientific Name:
- Alkanes, C13-15-branched and linear
- Common Aliases:
- Hemisqualane, Neossance Hemisqualane, Hydrogenated Farnesene
| Category: | Softeners |
| Source Origin: | Sugarcane (Bio-fermented) or Synthetic |
| Comedogenic Rating: | 0-1 |
| Primary Industries: | Skincare, Haircare, Sun Care, Color Cosmetics |
| Solubility: | Oil-soluble |
At a Glance: Properties & Effects
| Texture Enhancement: | |
| Spreadability: | |
| Hydration/Moisture: | |
| Irritation Risk: |
Primary Benefits:
- Imparts a dry, non-greasy “silicone-like” feel to skincare products.
- Reduces the tackiness of heavy oils and UV filters.
- Facilitates even pigment distribution in foundations and concealers.
- Increases formula glide for effortless application.
- Smooths the hair cuticle to reduce frizz and improve manageability.
Potential Risks:
- Extremely low risk; generally considered non-sensitizing and non-irritating.
Biological Action & Cosmetic Profile
C13-15 Alkane functions as a non-polar, saturated hydrocarbon with a molecular weight exactly half that of Squalane. This unique structure, often referred to as hemisqualane, allows the molecule to maintain high stability against oxidation while possessing a significantly lower viscosity. Upon application, the ingredient creates a breathable, ultra-thin film on the stratum corneum, which helps prevent transepidermal water loss (TEWL) without the occlusive heaviness typically associated with traditional mineral oils or triglycerides.
Low surface tension characterizes this ingredient, enabling it to break down the surface tension of other formula components. This property is particularly beneficial for thinning out viscous ingredients like Ricinus Communis Seed Oil or heavy Caprylic Capric Triglyceride. Because it is chemically inert, it does not react with active ingredients or degrade under UV exposure, making it an ideal carrier for photo-sensitive compounds such as Tocopherol.
Broader Applications & Origins
Sugarcane fermentation serves as the primary modern source for high-quality C13-15 Alkane. Through a patented yeast-driven biotechnology process, renewable sugar is converted into farnesene, which is then hydrogenated into the stable alkane. This sustainable production method has propelled its use as a “green” replacement for cyclic silicones like Cyclopentasiloxane and Cyclohexasiloxane, which face increasing regulatory scrutiny in the EU due to environmental persistence concerns.
Haircare formulations leverage the ingredient’s low viscosity for deep penetration and cuticle smoothing. It offers heat protection and color retention comparable to Dimethicone, but without the risk of long-term buildup or “weighing down” fine hair textures. In cleansing oils, its solvent properties effectively dissolve waterproof pigments and long-wear makeup while rinsing away more cleanly than heavier vegetable oils such as Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil.
Routine Integration
Synergies:
- Volatile Solvents: Works exceptionally well with Isododecane to create long-lasting, matte-finish color cosmetics.
- Sunscreen Filters: Enhances the solubility of organic UV filters, preventing a “gritty” texture in high-SPF formulations.
- Rich Butters: Thins out shea butter or cocoa butter for better spreadability in body lotions.
Conflicts:
- Universally compatible with most skincare routines; no known biological conflicts.
Clinical Consensus & Safety
Dermatological assessments conducted by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel and ECHA classification confirm that C13-15 Alkane is safe for use in cosmetic concentrations ranging from 1% to 100%. Studies indicate no evidence of phototoxicity, sensitization, or significant ocular irritation. Its high purity and saturated nature make it less prone to rancidity than unsaturated plant oils, ensuring the product remains stable and non-irritating throughout its shelf life.
Is C13-15 Alkane a silicone?
No, it is a hydrocarbon. While it mimics the sensory profile of volatile silicones like cyclomethicone, it is structurally different and is often derived from renewable plant sources rather than synthetic silica polymers.
Will C13-15 Alkane cause acne?
Clinical testing classifies this ingredient as non-comedogenic (rating of 0-1). Its lightweight, non-polar nature allows it to glide over the skin without trapping sebum or debris within the pores.
How does it differ from squalane?
C13-15 Alkane (hemisqualane) has 15 carbon atoms, whereas Squalane has 30. This smaller size makes C13-15 Alkane much thinner, faster-absorbing, and lighter on the skin compared to the richer, more moisturizing squalane.