C13-14 Alkane functions as a high-purity solvent and emollient, providing a lightweight, non-greasy texture to cosmetic formulations. It enhances the spreadability of products while facilitating the delivery of oil-soluble active substances into the skin.
- INCI Name:
- C13-14 Alkane
- Chemical/Scientific Name:
- Alkanes, C13-14; Alkanes, C13-14-branched and linear
- Common Aliases:
- C13-14 Isoparaffin (related), Light Liquid Isoparaffin
| Category: | Softeners |
| Source Origin: | Synthetic or Plant-derived (Mineral or Vegetable sources) |
| Comedogenic Rating: | 0-1 |
| Primary Industries: | Skincare, Haircare, Color Cosmetics |
| Solubility: | Lipophilic (Oil-soluble) |
At a Glance: Properties & Effects
| Texture Enhancement: | |
| Hydration/Moisture: | |
| Formula Stability: | |
| Irritation Risk: |
Primary Benefits:
- Improves product slip and reduces the “drag” of heavy creams.
- Provides a silky, satin-like finish on the skin surface.
- Functions as an effective carrier for lipophilic ingredients.
- Offers a more sustainable and lighter alternative to traditional Mineral Oil.
Potential Risks:
- Minimal risk of irritation; generally considered inert.
- May be too lightweight for extremely dry skin types requiring heavy occlusion.
Biological Action & Cosmetic Profile
Saturated hydrocarbons of this specific chain length act as volatile or semi-volatile emollients. Unlike heavier lipids, these molecules do not penetrate deep into the viable epidermis; instead, they occupy the interstitial spaces of the stratum corneum. This physical action smooths the skin’s microrelief, temporarily reducing the appearance of fine lines and providing an immediate softening effect. Because of their low surface tension, these alkanes allow formulas to spread evenly across the skin, ensuring that active ingredients are distributed uniformly without clumping.
Modern formulation science often utilizes these alkanes as part of an emulsification system, most notably in conjunction with Polyacrylamide and laureth-7. This specific combination creates “gel-creams” that feel watery upon application but provide lasting softness. In haircare, the ingredient coats the hair shaft to reduce friction and enhance shine without the cumulative buildup often associated with heavy silicones like Amodimethicone.
Solvent properties are equally critical for this ingredient’s profile. It efficiently dissolves organic UV filters such as Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, preventing recrystallization in sunscreens. This ensures the UV protection remains consistent and stable throughout the product’s shelf life.
Broader Applications & Origins
Depending on the manufacturing process, C13-14 Alkane can be derived from petroleum or through the fermentation and hydro-processing of plant sugars. The plant-derived versions are increasingly popular in “green chemistry” as they offer the high performance of petrochemicals with a reduced carbon footprint. In color cosmetics, this ingredient is used to maintain the fluidity of liquid foundations and concealers, preventing them from drying too quickly before they can be blended into the skin.
Routine Integration
Synergies:
- Pairs effectively with Dimethicone to create a breathable, velvet-like barrier.
- Works well in formulas containing Glycerin and Aqua to balance moisture levels with emolliency.
- Enhances the skin-feel of formulas containing Squalane by thinning the overall lipid profile for faster absorption.
Conflicts:
- No known biochemical conflicts; universally compatible with most skincare actives.
Clinical Consensus & Safety
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has evaluated various alkanes and isoparaffins, concluding they are safe for use in cosmetics at current concentrations. Because they are chemically inert, they do not react with the skin’s biological processes, making them suitable for sensitive skin types. Clinical studies indicate a very low potential for sensitization or comedogenicity, as the molecules do not easily oxidize or clog pores.
Is C13-14 Alkane a silicone?
No, it is a hydrocarbon. While it provides a similar “silky” feel to silicones, it belongs to a different chemical class and is often used in silicone-free formulations to achieve a comparable texture.
Will this ingredient cause acne?
C13-14 Alkane has a very low comedogenic rating (0-1). It is considered non-clogging and is frequently used in oil-free or lightweight moisturizers designed for acne-prone skin.
Is it the same as C13-14 Isoparaffin?
They are chemically very similar, but “Alkane” is the broader term that includes both linear and branched chains. In many modern formulations, C13-14 Alkane is preferred as a nomenclature for more sustainable, plant-derived alternatives to traditional isoparaffins.