Glycyrrhizic Acid Disodium Salt is a highly purified, water-soluble salt derived from the licorice plant, specifically valued for its potent anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing capabilities. It serves as a functional active in formulations designed to reduce redness, manage sensitivity, and provide secondary support for evening the skin tone.
- INCI Name:
- Disodium Glycyrrhizate
- Chemical/Scientific Name:
- Disodium (3β,20β)-20-carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranuronosyl-α-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
- Common Aliases:
- Licorice Root Derivative, Disodium Glycyrrhizinate
| Category: | Active Substances |
| Source Origin: | Plant-Derived (Glycyrrhiza glabra) |
| Comedogenic Rating: | 0 |
| Primary Industries: | Cosmeceuticals, Dermatology, Oral Care |
| Solubility: | Water-soluble |
At a Glance: Properties & Effects
| Soothing/Calming | |
| Anti-Aging/Renewal | |
| Brightening/Tone | |
| Irritation Risk |
Primary Benefits:
- Suppresses inflammatory cascades to reduce visible facial redness and edema.
- Inhibits hyaluronidase activity, indirectly supporting the preservation of Sodium Hyaluronate levels in the extracellular matrix.
- Provides antioxidant protection by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Regulates sebum production, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin types.
Potential Risks:
- Extremely low risk of contact dermatitis; generally considered non-sensitizing even at high concentrations.
Biological Action & Cosmetic Profile
The primary mechanism of action involves the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other pro-inflammatory mediators. By modulating these pathways, the ingredient significantly attenuates the skin’s response to environmental stressors and chemical irritants. This makes it an ideal inclusion for post-procedure care or alongside aggressive actives that typically cause desquamation and erythema.Dermal penetration is enhanced by its salt form, allowing the glycyrrhizic acid moiety to reach the deeper layers of the stratum corneum more effectively than the base acid. Structurally, it shares similarities with steroid hormones, though it lacks the systemic side effects, allowing it to mimic some of the anti-inflammatory benefits of hydrocortisone in a cosmetic context. This “cortisollike” effect is achieved through the inhibition of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme, which helps maintain localized homeostasis.Secondary benefits include the modulation of tyrosinase activity. While not as potent a depigmenting agent as hydroquinone, it contributes to a brighter complexion by preventing the initial inflammatory signals that trigger melanin overproduction. When used in aqueous solutions like toners or serums, it also acts as a stabilizer, helping to maintain the clarity and consistency of the formulation.
Broader Applications & Origins
While predominantly used in topical skincare, this compound is also frequently utilized in oral hygiene products to soothe gum tissue and in hair care to address scalp irritation. The raw material is extracted from the roots and rhizomes of the licorice plant, which has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. Modern green chemistry extraction methods ensure that the disodium salt is free from contaminants, providing a consistent molecular weight for pharmaceutical-grade applications.
Routine Integration
Synergies:
- Combine with Niacinamide to enhance barrier repair and further control oil production.
- Pairs effectively with Allantoin and Panthenol for intensive soothing and wound healing.
- Excellent for buffering the irritation of Salicylic Acid or retinoids.
- Works synergistically with Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract for broad-spectrum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support.
Conflicts:
- No known significant biochemical conflicts; it is compatible with most cosmetic ingredients including Glycerin and various botanical extracts.
Clinical Consensus & Safety
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has evaluated glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, concluding they are safe for use in cosmetic formulations. Clinical studies published in PubMed highlight its efficacy in treating atopic dermatitis and rosacea-prone skin due to its low irritation profile. It is non-phototoxic and non-mutagenic, making it suitable for long-term use in both morning and evening routines without the risk of cumulative toxicity.
Is Disodium Glycyrrhizate the same as licorice extract?
No, it is a specific, purified salt of the primary active compound found within licorice root. While licorice extract contains a complex mixture of many compounds, this ingredient is an isolated molecule used for targeted anti-inflammatory effects.
Can this ingredient help with acne?
Yes, it helps by reducing the redness and swelling associated with acne lesions and by regulating the sebum levels that contribute to clogged pores.
Is it safe for sensitive skin?
It is specifically indicated for sensitive skin. Its primary function in many formulas is to calm the skin and reduce the potential for irritation caused by other ingredients.